Sociological Study and Analysis of Intergenerational Changes in Educational and Religious Reference Groups: A Case Study of Kermanshah the City

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Islamic Azad University, Ashtian Branch

2 Department of Sociology, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Ashtian Branch, Ashtian, Iran

3 Department of Sociology, West Islamabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamabad West, Iran

Abstract

This paper aims at sociologically studying and analyzing the intergenerational changes in educational and religious reference groups in Kermanshah the city. It was carried out through a survey method and using a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study includes all the citizens of this city with an age range of 15 years or more and according to the 2017 census it was 855,523. On the basis of Cochran's formula and using cluster random sampling, 575 people were then selected as the sample and the statistical analyses were performed through SPSS software. Findings showed that the age, income, tendency towards modernity, change of religious rites and rituals, migration, and use of mass media had a significant relationship with the educational reference group. Also, the age, level of education, amount of income, change of religious rituals, and use of mass media had a significant relationship with the religious reference group. The results of regression analysis also showed that the two variables of religious rites and tendency towards modernity could explain 0.25 of the changes related to the religious reference group and 0.31 of the changes of the educational reference group.

Keywords


Adhami, J., Ahmadi, Y., Jafari, E. (2017). Study the Intergenerational value preferences in Sanandaj and measures its effective social factors. Quarterly Journal of Social Sciences. 78: 117 - 156. (In Persian)
Azadarmaki, T (2004). Intergenerational Relationship in the Iranian Family, Iranian Social Issues Collection, Tehran: Sociological Association of Iran. (In Persian)
Berger, P. & Luckman, T. (2008). ‎The Social construction of reality: a treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publishing Company. (In Persian)
Coser, L (2013). Life and Thought of Sociological Elders, translated by Mohsen Thalasi, Tehran: Scientific.(In Persian)
Dawson, E. M., & Chatman, E. A. (2001). Reference group theory with implications for information studies: a theoretical essay. Information Research, 6(3), 6-3.
Deutsch, M & Krauss, R (2015). Theory in Social Psychology, translated by Morteza Katabi, Tehran: University of Tehran. (In Persian)
Hatami, M., Ghaderi, A & Jamshidi, A. (2016). The analysis trend of third generation attitude changes in the field of reference groups in the 2001s. Quarterly Journal of Political Research in Islamic World. 3(6): 25-42. (In Persian)
Hezar Jaribi, J & Safari Shally, R. (2016). The Analysis of Resource Group Changes among Students. Culture in the Islamic university 6(18): 17-44. (In Persian)
Hyman, H. H., & Singer, E. (1968). Readings in reference group theory and research. New YORK: Free press.
Inglehart, R., & Abramson, P. R. (1999). Economic security and value change. Translated by Shahnaz Shafi'khani. Cultur-Communication Studies (14): 59-106. (In Persian)
Jacob, K., & Kalter, F. (2013). Intergenerational change in religious salience among immigrant families in four European countries. International Migration, 51(3), 38-56.
Kanani, M.A., Mousavi, S.H & Beygzadeh, Z (2020). Media as a Generational Object: Investigating the Role of Media Consumption on Generational Identity. 8(3): 35-56. (In Persian)
Kolland, F. (1994). Contrasting cultural profiles between generations: Interests and common activities in three intrafamilial generations. Ageing & Society, 14(3), 319-340.
Kuper, A. (Ed.). (2013). The social science encyclopedia. Routledge.
Lasierra, J. M. (2019). Generational differences in work in Spain. A review. Revista Brasileira de Gestão de Negócios, 21(4), 953-969.
Maleki Doabi, F (1391). A Study of Social Factors Affecting Students' Attitudes Towards the Phenomenon of Modernity, M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Shahid Chamran University (In Persian)
Mannheim, K (2001). Ideology and Utopia, An Introduction to the Sociology of Cognition, Translated by Fariborz Majidi, Tehran: Samat..(In Persian)
Merton, R. K. (1968). Social Theory and social Structure. New York: Glcncoc, IL: Frce Prcss.
Newcomb, T. M. (1958). Attitude development as a function of reference groups: The Bennington study. Readings in social psychology, 265-275.
Rempel, F. W. (1963). The role of value in Karl Mannheim's sociology of knowledge (Doctoral dissertation, Boston University).
Ritzer, G (2003). Sociological theories in the contemporary era, translated by Mohsen Thalasi, Tehran: Elmi. (In Persian)
Roberts, A. E., Koch, J. R., & Johnson, D. P. (2001). Religious reference groups and the persistence of normative behavior: An empirical test. Sociological Spectrum, 21(1), 81-98.
Ruhollah, T & AhmadiShokouh, A. (2018).Generation Gap and Effective Factors among the Students in English Language Institutions (A case study in Southeast of Tehran). International Journal of Nations Research. 3(34): 105-118. (In Persian)
Sarukhani, B (1999). Sociology of Communication, Tehran: Information. (In Persian)
Sedigh servestani, R & Hashemi, s.z (2003). Reference Groups in sociology and social psychology, with a focus on Theories Advanced by Merton and Festinger. Nameh-ye Olum-e Ejtemai. 20: 149-167. (In Persian)
Shirinbayan, A., Fathi, S., Pirahere, N. (2016). The Role of Religion social cohesion among citizens in Tehran. Journal of Social Research. 8(29): 125-151. (In Persian)
Steinbach, A., & Silverstein, M. (2020). The Relationship Between Religion and Intergenerational Solidarity in Eastern and Western Germany. Journal of Family Issues, 41(1), 109-130.
Turner, B. S. (2006). The Cambridge dictionary of sociology, Cambridge university press.