Identifying the Components Affecting the Social Capital When Faced with Social Alienation: A Case Study of the Students of Tehran University and Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD Student in Cultural Sociology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Center for Social Welfare Management Research, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran

3 Professor, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

This study aims at identifying the factors affecting the promotion of social capital and its impact on reducing social alienation. The method adopted was combined and of nested type and collecting the quantitative and qualitative data (survey - cognitive phenomena) was done simultaneously. The quantitative data were collected through two questionnaires of social alienation and social capital from 410 students of Tehran University and Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University through proportional stratified sampling method. The qualitative data were collected through purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews with 16 people until the stage of theoretical saturation. The collected data were then analyzed through SPSS25 & Atlas ti software. The findings of the quantitative data analysis showed that the variable of social alienation has a significant and inverse relationship with those of empathy (0.01) - 0.13 and trust (0.001) - 0.21. Qualitative analysis of 19 categories including globalization, change in values and lifestyle, gender stereotypes, media, education, religious values, higher education, public spaces, social welfare, feelings of relative deprivation, social norms, family, social adequacy, network of mutual trust, good governance, meritocracy, crisis management, economic instability, and employment and business were extracted. Overall, the results showed that in order to promote social capital and reduce social harms, planners should take comprehensive attention to economic, cultural, political, and social areas into their serious consideration.

Keywords

References

Abbaszadeh, Mohammad, Alizadeh Aghdam, M., & Islami Bonab, S. (2012). Investigating the relationship between social capital and social anomie. Social Studies and Research, 145-172.)In persian)
Abdullahi, M., & Mousavi, M. (2007). Social capital in Iran; Current status, future prospects and feasibility of transition. Social Welfare, 195-233. )In persian)
Akbari, A. (2004). The role of social capital in participation: The effect of social capital on political and social participation (Case study of Farsanjaz village, Songhar functions). . Master Thesis, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran.)In persian)
Alizadeh Aghdam, M., Soltani Bahram, S., Alizadeh Aghdam, F., & Babaei Azar, S. (2015). Investigating the relationship between mass media and social alienation studied by Tabriz University students. Third National Conference on Sociology and Social Sciences.)In persian)
Arun, R. (2008). Basic stages of thought in sociology. Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publications.
Asadian, S., & Piri, M. (2011). The relationship between family performance and social adequacy of students of Islamic Azad University, Salmas Branch. Behavioral Sciences, 25-41.)In persian)
Azad Armaki, T., & Bahar, M. (1998). Examining social issues. Tehran: Jihad Publishing Institute.)In persian)
Bani Fatemeh, H., & Rasooli, Z. (2011). Investigating the extent of social alienation among students of Tabriz University and related factors. Applied Sociology (Research Journal of Humanities, University of Isfahan), 1-26.)In persian)
Bukharaee, A. (2015). An analysis of socio-cultural factors affecting gender inequality (Study of married women aged 20-49 in Isfahan). Journal of Social and Cultural Development Studies, 59-82.)In persian)
Chalabi, M(2005) Sociology of order: theoretical description and analysis of social order. . Tehran: Seventh Edition. Ney Publications. )In persian)
Chalabi, M., & Mubaraki, M. (2005). Analysis of the relationship between social capital and crime at the micro and macro levels. Journal of the Iranian Sociological Association, 3-44.)In persian)
Clark, W., & Cresswell, J.; (2019). Combined research methods. Tehran: Ayizh.
Dargahi, H., & Biranvand, A. (2018). Investigating the Relationship between Social Injuries and Economic Growth in Iran with Emphasis on Human Capital in Endogenous Growth Pattern: DSGE Approach. Planning and Budgeting, 59-100.)In persian)
Deller, S. C. (2010). Rural Crime and Social Capital. Growth and Change, 221-275.
Fisher, E. (2012). How Less Alienation Creates More Exploitation? Audience Labour on Social Network Sites. tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique, 171-183.
Furr-Holden CD, L. M. (2011). The Growth of Neighborhood Disorder and Marijuana Use Among Urban Adolescents: A Case for Policy and Environmental Interventions. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 371-379.
Gafari,G(2015) National Social Capital Survey Report in Iran. Tehran: Bina. )In persian)
Ghafouri Koleh, M., & Mohseni Tabrizi, A. (2018). Sociological explanation of the effect of religiosity on the forms and issues of alienation (from oneself, society and politics) in the eyes of adult citizens of Tehran. A Study of Social Issues in Iran, 185-208.)In persian)
Ghanbari, H., & Pourshahriari, M. (2016). Humorous styles, emotional intelligence and social adequacy in students. New Educational Thoughts, 79-108.)In persian)
Hezarjaribi, J., & Safari Shali, R. (2011). Social Welfare and Factors Affecting it: A Case Study of Tehran. Urban Research and Planning, 1-22.)In persian)
Janis Swenson, T. (2001). Through a Critical Lens: Native American Alienation from Higher Education. ERIC, 1-27.
Karimian, A., & Ghafouri Kaleh, S. (2020). The role of social capital in the degree of political alienation of Tehran citizens. Political Sociology of Iran, 171-198.)In persian)
Kawachi, I. S. (2008). Social Capital and Health. New York: Springer Publication.
Kawachi, I., Kennedy, BP,  Wilkinson, RG (1999). "Crime: social disorganization and relative deprivation." Social science & medicine 48(6): 719-731.
Kazemi, A., & Arizi Samani, S. (2008). Investigating the relationship between maternal parenting style and smoking pattern in students. Journal of Psychology, 104-118.)In persian)
Khajeh Nouri, B., & Dehghani, R. (2016). Study of the relationship between family conflicts and adolescents' self-esteem (Case study: Shiraz students). Social Sciences, 45-61.)In persian)
Khajeh Nouri, B., Panahi Nasab, P., Jahanbazian, P., & Damiar, A. (2016). Investigating the relationship between parenting styles and adolescent self-alienation (a case study of male and female high school students in Shiraz in 2011-2012). Social Sciences, 1-22.)In persian)
Krishna, A. &. (1999). Social Capital Assessment Tool. Instruments of the Social Capital Assessment Tool.
Krisotakis, G. G. (2004). What is social capital and how does it relate to health? International Journal of Nursing Studies, 43-50.
Kuchenkova, A. (2017). "Russian intelligentsia and institutions: trust or alienation? Political sociology.
Lafferty, L. C. (2015). Indicators of social capital in prison: a systematic review. Health & Justice, 3-7.
Lundborg, P. (2005). Lundborg P: Social capital and substance use among Swedish. Social science & medicine, 1151-1158.
Miri Mehra, M., & Miri Tabrizi, A. (2013). Investigating the relationship between self-alienation (identity crisis) of young people and their tendency to social deviations (a study of 15-29 year olds in Kermanshah). Journal of Law Enforcement Science67-76.)In persian)
Moeenian,N,(2017) A sociological look at the role of gender stereotypes in occupational discrimination against women and the underlying factors affecting the formation of these stereotypes in Iranian culture. Women and family studies. Women and Family Studies, 163-179.)In persian)
Mohseni Tabrizi, A. (2016). Qualitative research methods in interpretive schools. Tehran: Information.)In persian)
Pekkan, N. U. (2019). The Effect of Social Capital on Work Alination: Sample from Health Sector Employees. 3rd International Scientific Conference on Business and Economics, 1-747.
Piran, p. (2013). Conceptual and theoretical foundations of social capital. Tehran: First edition of scientific publication.)In persian)
Rafiei, H., Mousavi, M., & Qasemzadeh, d. (2016). Development and validation of a questionnaire for measuring social capital within and outside the group. Social Welfare, 161-179.)In persian)
Rezaei, M., Basatian, S., & Jafarian, M. (2015). Social factors affecting the social alienation of working women in Khorramabad. National Studies, 83-99.)In persian)
Ritzer, J.; (2007). Sociological theories in contemporary times. Tehran: Ney Publishing.
Safipour, J. (2011). Feelings of social alienation: a comparison of immigrant and non‐immigrant Swedish youth. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy.
Sameti, M., Ranjbar, H., & Mohseni, F. (2011). Analysis of the effect of good governance indicators on human development index Case study: Southeast Asian countries (ASEAN). Economic Growth and Development Research, 183-223.)In persian)
Seeman, M. (1959). On The Meaning of Alienation. American Sociological Association.
Serajzadeh, S., Butcher, R., & Chamani, S. (2012). Investigating the Relationship between Religiosity and Social Alienation (Case Study: Students of Tarbiat Modares University). Social and Cultural Strategy, 103-125.)In persian)
Shahriari, M., & Nabavi, S. (2014). Causes and consequences of family work conflict and examining alienation from work as one of its consequences. Strategic Research on Social Issues in Iran, 45-59.)In persian)
Shortt, S. (2004). Making sense of social capital, health and policy. Health Policy, 11–22.
Stiles, B. L., Liu, X, Kaplan, H.B. (2000). "Relative deprivation and deviant adaptations: The mediating effects of negative self-feelings." Journal of Research in crime and delinquency: 64-90.
Tagiloo, F (2005) Investigating the relationship between social capital and social security. Quarterly Journal of Strategic Studies, 240-257.)In persian)
Tofiqianfar, A. H., & Hosseini, S. (2012). Investigating the social alienation of young people and related social factors. Journal of Youth Sociological Studies, 45-58.)In persian)
Weitzman, E. R. (2005). Risk modifying effect of social capital on measures of heavy alcohol consumption, alcohol abuse, harms, and secondhand effects: national survey findings. Journal of Epidemiology & Community.
Winstanley EL, S. D. (2008). The association of self-reported neighborhood disorganization and social capital with adolescent alcohol and drug use, dependence, and access to treatment. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 173-182.
Zayandeh Rudi, M., Khosrowabadi, M., & Shakibaei, A. (2017). Investigating the effect of good governance indicators on the distribution of income by employment. Research on Sustainable Growth and Development (Economic Research), 25-52 (In persian)

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 13 June 2021
  • Revise Date: 22 July 2021
  • Accept Date: 14 August 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics