Para Effect of Education on Childbearing Postponement: a Qualitative Study among Female Students in Tehran Universities

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Assistant Professor of Demography, National Population Studies and Comprehensive Management Institute

Abstract

Education is the most important determinant of timing of marriage and first birth. Women’s access to education was associated with a delay in family formation and childbearing. The basic question paper is how education affects women's fertility time. The data for this study were collected with qualitative approach using in-depth interviews with 25 married female students in Tehran in 1393. There are a number of reasons why female students tend to postpone childbearing. The findings show that the long years for educational activities, difficulty of combining student and mother roles, and economic and financial issues at the beginning of marriage lead to childbearing postponement. Increasing the level of education can improve the knowledge of women on effective contraception. In addition to postponement is associated with the fact that highly educated women have more likely decision-making power regarding childbearing timing, birth interval and number of children.
 

Keywords

References

الف) منابع فارسی

1. حسینی، حاتم و بلال بگی (1391). «فرهنگ و باروری، بررسی تمایلات باروری زنان کرد در شهرستان مهاباد»، فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی، شماره 58: 161-121.
2. رازقی نصرآباد، حجیه بی‌بی (1393). طرح مروری بر مطالعات مرتبط با باروری پایین در ایران، تهران: مؤسسه مطالعات و مدیریت جامع و تخصصی جمعیت کشور.
3. رازقی نصرآباد، حجیه بی‌بی و محمد میرزایی (1391). «شکاف موجود بین شمار فرزندان موجود و ایده‌آل در استان‌های منتخب سمنان، کهگیلویه و بویراحمد و هرمزگان»، نامه انجمن جمعیت‌شناسی ایران، سال هفتم، شماره 13.
4. عباسی شوازی، محمدجلال و حجیه بی‌بی رازقی نصرآباد (1389). «الگوها و عوامل مؤثر بر فاصله ازدواج تا تولد اولین فرزند در ایران»، نامه انجمن جمعیت‌شناسی ایران، سال 4، شماره 9.
5. عباسی شوازی، محمدجلال و زهره خواجه صالحی (1392). «سنجش تأثیر استقلال، مشارکت اجتماعی، و تحصیلات زنان بر تمایل به فرزندآوری (مطالعه موردی شهر سیرجان)»، زن در توسعه و سیاست دوره 11، شماره 1: 64-45.
6. عباسی شوازی، محمدجلال و ملیحه علی مندگاری (1389). «تأثیر ابعاد متفاوت استقلال زنان بر رفتار باروری آنها در ایران»، پژوهش زنان، دوره 8، شماره 1: 51-32.
7. عباسی شوازی، محمدجلال، میمنت حسینی چاووشی، پیتر مکدونالد و بهرام دلاور (1383). تحولات باروری در ایران، تهران: وزارت بهداشت درمان و آموزش پزشکی.
8. کاظمی‌پور، شهلا (1393). بررسی نحوه نگرش جوانان در آستانه ازدواج و زنان همسردار 15-49 ساله نسبت به فرزندآوری، پژوهشکده آمار.
9. لوکاس دیوید و پاول میر (1381). درآمدی بر مطالعات جمعیتی، ترجمه حسین محمودیان، تهران: دانشگاه تهران.
10. ویکس، جان (1385). جمعیت مقدمه‌ای بر مفاهیم و موضوعات، ترجمه الهه میرزایی، انتشارات مؤسسه عالی آموزش و پژوهش مدیریت و برنامه ریزی.

ب) منابع لاتین

1. Abbasi-Shavazi, M. J. , McDonald, P. & M. Hosseini Chavoshi (2009b). "Family Change and Continuity in Iran: Birth Control Use before First Pregnancy", Journal of Marriage Family, 71 (5): 1309-1324.
2. Abbasi-Shavazi, M. J. , McDonald, P. & M. Hosseini Chavoshi (2009a). The Fertility Transition in Iran: Revelution and Reproduction, Springer.
3. Edwards, M. E. (2002). "Education and Occupations: Reexamining the Conventional Wisdom about Later First Births among American Mothers”, Sociological Forum 17: 423-43.
4. Giles, D. C. & Shaw, R. L. and William Morgan (2009).” Representations of Voluntary Childlessness in the UK Press, 1990_2008”, Journal of Health Psychology, 14: 1218- 1228.
5. Hirschman, C. (1985). “Pre, Premarital Socioeconomic Roles and the Timing of Family formation: A Comparative Study of five Asian Societies”, Demography, 22: 35-60.
6. Hoem, J. M. (1986). "The Impact of Education On Modern Family-union Initiation", European Journal of Population 2: 113-133.
7. Hoem, J. M., Neyer, G. and Andersson, G. (2006). “Education and Childlessness: The Relationship Between Educational Field, Educational Level and Childlessness Among Swedish Women Born in 1955-59”, Demographic Research, 14 (15): 331-380.
8. Hosseini Chavoshi, M, Abbasi-Shavazi, M. J. , McDonald, P. (2013). "Tempo and Quantum of Fertility in Iran: An Application of the Synthetic Parity Progression Ratio Method", Paper presented at International Population Conference, 26-31 August, Busan, Korea.
9. Kravdal, O. (1994).” The Importance of Economic Potential and Economic Resources for the Timing of First Birth in Norway”, Population Studies, 48: 249-268.
10. Martin, T.C. and F, Juarez (1995). “The Impact of Women's Education on Fertility in Latin America: Searching For Explanations”, International Family Planning Perspectives, Volume 21(2): 52-80.
11. Morgan, S. P. and Hagewen, K. (2005). Is Very Low Fertility Inevitable In America? In Alan Booth and Ann C. Crouter (Eds.). A New Population Problem: Why Families in Developed Countries are Shrinking and What It Means. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
12. Osborne, J. (1994). "Some Similarities and Differnces among Phenomenological and other Methods of Qualitative Research", Canadian Journal of Counselling (24): 79-91.
13. Rao, K. V. (1987).”Childlessness in Ontario and Quebec: Results from 1971 and 1981 Census Data”, Canadian Studies in Population, Vol. 14 (1): 27-46.
14. Rindfuss R.R., Morgan S.P. (1983).” Marriage, Sex, and the First Birth Interval: The Quiet Revolution in Asia”, Population and Development Review, 9: 259–278.
15. Rowland, D. T. (2007). “Historical Trends in Childlessness,” Journal of Family Issues 28: 1311-1337.
16. Schroder-Butterfill, E. Kreager, Ph. (2005). “Actual and De Facto Childlessness in Old Age”, Indonesia Population and Development Review, Vol. 31: 19-55.
17. Simpson, R. (2009). Delayed Childbearing and Childlessness, IN: J. Stillwell et al. (eds.) Fertility, Living Arrangements, Care and Mobility, Understanding Population Trends and Processes, Springer Science+Business Media B. V.
18. Torabi, F. and A Baschieri (2010). "Ethnic Differences In Transition To First Marriage in Iran: The Role of Marriage Market, Womens Socio-economic Status, and Process of Development", Demographic Research, (22): 2.
19. Van Manen, M. (1984).“Practicing Phenomenological Writing”, Phenomenology Pedagogy, 2 (1).
 

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 13 February 2021
  • Accept Date: 13 February 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics