ارزیابی سیاست‌ها و اثرات بین‌المللی آب و هوایی بر آلودگی هوای منطقه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری آب و هواشناسی دانشگاه تبریز،

2 کارشناسی ارشد زیست شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد

چکیده

مطالعات نشان می‌دهد که جهان دارای یک جو است و اثرات سو آلاینده‌های منتشره نمی‌تواند محدود به یک منطقه و یا حتی یک قاره باشد. هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی سیاست‌ها و اثرات بین‌المللی بر آلودگی هوای محلی و منطقه‌ای است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که هر نوع آلاینده هوا با طول عمر جوی کمتر از 3 تا 4 روز می‌تواند یک قاره را بپیماید، و اگر عمر آلاینده به یک یا دو هفته افزایش یابد، از یک اقیانوس عبور و در طول یک تا دو ماه در یک نیم‌کره پراکنده ‌شود. با یک تا دو سال عمر، ‌این ذرات را در هر جای از زمین می‌توان مشاهده کرد. اثرات نامطلوب آلاینده‌های هوا بر روی بازدهی محصولات کشاورزی، زیست‌پذیری جنگل‌ها، مراتع و دیگر اکوسیستم‌های طبیعی در جهان است. همه‌ اینها باعث افزایش تلاش‌ها و سیاست‌های بین‌المللی با به رسمیت شناخته شدن فعالیت آنها و اندازه‌گیری جابه‌جایی آلاینده‌ها در مقیاس‌های بزرگ شده است. بنابراین دولت‌ها در تلاش‌اند تا تغییرات جمعیت را که بر مواد غذایی، انرژی و کالا و جابه‌جایی آلاینده‌های آب و هوایی تأثیر گذارند پیش‌بینی کنند

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

International Climate Policy and Its Effects on Local and Regional Air Pollution

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeed Zangeneh 1
  • Azadeh Ranjbar Heidari 2
1 PhD student in Meteorology, University of Tabriz,
2 Master of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad
چکیده [English]

This article argues that the world has only one atmosphere and that the adverse impact of emitted pollutants often cannot be confined to a single location or region. Any air pollutant with an atmospheric lifetime of at least three to four days, may be transported across a continent also it would take a week or two to get it across an ocean, a month or two to be moved around the hemisphere, and a year or two to be delivered anywhere on the earth. As population and living standards are growing in many parts of the world; often, they result in increasing pollutant emissions. The results indicate the impact of air pollutants on crop yields and the viability of forests, grasslands, and other natural ecosystems. Many studies have unveiled the interplay between air pollution levels and climate change on scales ranging from regional to global. All of these concerns have led to increasing international efforts to recognize and measure the long-range transport of pollutants. They have also spurred attempts to predict how expected changes in population, production of food, energy, goods and climate will impact future pollutant transport and air quality

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Politics
  • Environment
  • international effects
  • Global Climate
  • local oil pollution

 

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